基于GPS应变、地震应变率与震源应力场对帕米尔高原现今构造变形特征的分析          下载免费PDF全文

潘正洋  邵志刚  周云  王洵  解孟雨  艾萨·伊斯马伊力 《地球物理学报》2020,63(3):1143-1154

研究帕米尔高原的构造变形特征对于理解印度板块向北推挤过程中的应变分配方式以及应力转换模式具有重要的意义.本文利用区域GPS应变场、地震应变场与震源应力场分析帕米尔高原的构造形变特征.主要结论为:(1)该区域变形主要以NNW-SSE或近N-S向的挤压为主,在高原内部伴有明显的近ENE-WSW或E-W向拉张,应力方向在帕米尔高原与塔吉克盆地区域呈现逆时针旋转的趋势,而在塔里木盆地则显示几乎与帕米尔高原的一致的应力状态,这可能与两侧盆地块体的强度差异有关.(2)安德森断层参数A∅显示帕米尔高原北缘与西侧区域为逆断层应力状态,在高原内部为正断层应力状态,这与GPS应变的结果显示的应变主要集中在主帕米尔断裂与阿莱谷地附近而在高原内部应变较低是一致的,另外应力在喀喇昆仑断裂北段的方向基本平行于断层走向,以及断层北端较低的滑动速率,这说明了地壳挤压缩短可能是帕米尔高原主要的的构造变形特征,并不支持由于边界走滑断裂导致的应变分异或者块体挤出的模式.(3)综合考虑地震应变方向与SHmax从帕米尔北部NNW-SSE方向到天山北部的近N-S方向的转换,GPS应变方向在帕米尔高原两侧盆地都存在不同程度的旋转,应力场安德森参数A∅显示的应力状态以及SKS的结果显示的近ENE-WSW方向,我们认为印度板块向北推挤与天山造山带碰撞导致帕米尔高原不对称的径向逆冲是帕米尔高原现今构造变形的主要成因与构造模式.  相似文献   

Rapid decrease of soil erosion rates with soil formation and vegetation development in periglacial areas     

Alessandra Musso  Michael E. Ketterer  Konrad Greinwald  Clemens Geitner  Markus Egli 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2020,45(12):2824-2839

High mountainous areas are geomorphologically active environments which are strongly shaped by redistribution of sediments and soils. With the projected climate warming in the twenty-first century and the continued retreat of glaciers, the area of newly exposed, highly erodible sediments and soils will increase. This presents a need to better understand and quantify erosion processes in young mountainous soils, as an increase in erodibility could threaten human infrastructure (i.e. hydroelectric power, tourist installations and settlements). While soil development is increasingly well understood and quantified, a coupling to soil erosion rates is still missing. The aim of this study was, therefore, to assess how soil erosion rates change with surface age. We investigated two moraine chronosequences in the Swiss Alps: one in the siliceous periglacial area of Steingletscher (Sustenpass), with soils ranging from 30 a to 10 ka, and the other in the calcareous periglacial area of Griessgletscher (Klausenpass) with surfaces ranging from age of 110 a to 13.5 ka. We quantified the erosion rates using the ^239+240Pu fallout radionuclides and compared them to physical and chemical soil properties and the vegetation coverage. We found no significant differences between the two parent materials. At both chronosequences, the erosion rates were highest in the young soils (on average 5−10 t ha^-1 a^-1 soil loss). Erosion rates decreased markedly after 3−5 ka of soil development (on average 1−2.5 t ha^-1 a^-1 soil loss) to reach a more or less stable situation after 10−14 ka (on average 0.3–2 t ha^-1 a^-1). Climate change not only causes glacier retreat, but also increased sediment dynamics. Depending on the relief and vegetational development, it takes up to at least 10 ka to reach soil stability. The establishment of a closed vegetation cover with dense root networks seems to be the controlling factor in the reduction of soil erodibility. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Lidar-aided analysis of boreal forest backscatter at Ku band     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2020

This paper analyzes the backscatter of the microwave signal in a boreal forest environment based on a Ku -band airborne Frequency-Modulated Continuous Waveform (FMCW) profiling radar—Tomoradar. We selected a half-managed boreal forest in the southern part of Finland for a field test. By decomposing the waveform collected by the Tomoradar, the vertical canopy structure was achieved. Based on the amplitude of the waveform, the Backscattered Energy Ratio of Canopy-to-Total (BERCT) was calculated. Meanwhile, the canopy fraction was derived from the corresponding point cloud recorded by a Velodyne VLP-16 LiDAR mounted on the same platform. Lidar-derived canopy fraction was obtained by counting the number of the first/ the strongest returns versus the total amount of returns. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of radar-derived BERCT on lidar-derived canopy fraction and canopy height are investigated. A fitted model is derived to describe the Ku-band microwave backscatter in the boreal forest to numerically analyze the proportion contributed by four factors: lidar-derived canopy fraction, radar-derived canopy height, the radar-derived distance between trees and radar sensor and other factors, from co-polarization Tomoradar measurements. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of the proposed model was 0.0958, and the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.912. The fitted model reveals that the correlation coefficient between radar-derived BERCT and lidar-derived canopy fraction is 0.84, which illustrates that lidar surface reflection explains the majority of the profiling /waveform radar response. Thus, vertical canopy structure derived from lidar can be used for the benefit of radar analysis.  相似文献   

新疆准噶尔盆地东缘五彩湾地区煤田钻孔数据集          下载免费PDF全文

程先钰  张天福  程银行  王少轶  曾威  刘行  胡鹏 《中国地质》2020,47(S1):212-219

新疆准噶尔盆地是中国油气、煤炭等能源矿产的重要储集场所。本次研究对搜集到的准噶尔盆地东缘五彩湾地区20个煤田钻孔资料进行二次开发利用，通过提取钻孔坐标、高程、地层分层厚度、颜色、测井曲线解译数据等重要信息，重新建立了钻孔数据集。数据集共包含20个钻孔资料的Excel数据库型数据，每个Excel数据库由“钻孔基本信息”、“测井解释岩性分层”、“地质编录柱状分层”、“综合柱状信息”、“钻孔岩性分层”、“地层名称及代号表”、“地层颜色”、“测井曲线配置”、“测井曲线数据”、“数据字典”等10个工作表组成。利用石文软件可读取数据集信息，绘制地层沉积三维立体图，该成果能够对准噶尔盆地东缘五彩湾地区砂体的空间展布、三维地质结构等提供更加直观的认识，对研究准噶尔盆地东缘五彩湾地区的沉积环境具有重要意义。  相似文献   

典型草原露天煤矿区地下水-湖泊系统演化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

夏蔓宏  董少刚  刘白薇  李铱  李政葵  王超  周雨泽 《湖泊科学》2020,32(1):187-197

由于气候干旱、大量疏排地下水导致草原露天煤矿区普遍存在着水文循环失调、土壤沙化、草地退化等环境地质问题.本研究以呼伦贝尔草原伊敏露天煤矿为研究对象,在对矿区地下水湖泊系统调查分析的基础上,结合水文、气象及遥感影像等数据,应用水均衡原理构建矿区地下水位湖泊面积响应机制的数学模型,并利用此模型预测分析矿区开发对伊敏盆地内湖泊面积的影响.结果表明:煤矿开采35年来,伊敏盆地湖群数量由开采前(1982年)的5个变为如今(2017年)的2个,湖泊总面积由原来的6.94 km 2萎缩到1.12 km 2;矿区地下水湖泊关系由自然状态下的地下水补给湖泊型向湖泊补给地下水型演化;本文建立的地下水湖泊耦合数学模型可较好地对湖泊面积进行预测,在气候因素波动不大、矿山开发稳定的状况下,该矿闭矿时(2045年)研究区湖泊面积将萎缩至0.56 km^2.  相似文献   

全球气候变化下南海诸岛保护优先区识别分析   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

左秀玲  苏奋振  张宇  吴文周  吴迪 《地理学报》2020,75(3):647-661

全球变化下,珊瑚礁保护区是保护生物多样性、增强珊瑚礁对气候变暖抵抗力的有效方式,而维持珊瑚礁弹性是其核心内容。针对珊瑚礁最具有威胁性的热压力因子,基于南海1982—2009年卫星观测海表面温度（SST）数据和CMIP5加拿大地球系统模式CanESM2模型预估的2006—2100年南海SST数据构建热压力强度模型,从维持珊瑚礁弹性的角度识别IPCC RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下南海诸岛保护优先区。结果表明：RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下13%左右的南海诸岛珊瑚礁识别为保护优先区。根据热压力强度与珊瑚抵抗力及避难所关系,西沙群岛七连屿和晋卿岛近年观测与未来预估的热压力强度均比较低,在保障其服务功能的基础上建议实施完全保护;东沙群岛东沙环礁和中沙环礁排洪滩近年观测急性热压力强度较高但未来预估热压力强度较低,建议实施50%禁止利用保护;中沙群岛黄岩岛近年观测和未来预估的急性热压力强度均比较低,建议实施50%多用途保护。南沙群岛有14%左右的珊瑚礁识别为保护优先区,根据其热压力强度可实施30%~100%禁止利用保护或30%~50%多用途保护。RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下的南海诸岛保护优先区及保护对策,可为维持珊瑚礁生态弹性及应对全球气候变化提供重要的参考价值。  相似文献   

河南嵩山地区新元古界何家寨组微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩成因新认识^*          下载免费PDF全文

王振涛  李现根 《古地理学报》2020,22(1):56-74

作为国际前寒武系碳酸盐岩研究的热点,微亮晶(臼齿)碳酸盐岩(简称MT)在前寒武纪古地理重塑、地层对比和古气候研究等方面具有重要研究意义,但对其成因机制的认识长期存在争论。华北克拉通南缘嵩山地区新元古界何家寨组发育大量MT沉积,被前人解释为地震液化的产物。文中对何家寨组MT发育层位进行了详细的形态描述、系统的微相分析和比较沉积学的研究,确定何家寨组MT沉积于碳酸盐缓坡沉积环境,发现MT具有早期成岩作用特征,其形态类型和宿主岩性、沉积环境之间存在密切关系。从多个方面对比探讨了MT微亮晶和地震“液化脉”之间的不同,明确指出,何家寨组MT的形成受到古海洋条件和沉积岩相的严格约束,具有鲜明的古环境意义,和地震没有必然的成因联系。  相似文献   

基于ArcGIS Engine与ArcGIS Server的海域定级信息管理系统设计与开发   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

卞盼盼  白珏莹  付丹丹  王英刚  周立 《海洋科学》2018,42(6):12-17

以Visual Studio 2012为平台,利用ArcGIS Engine强大的空间分析功能,以C#为开发语言结合第三方插件设计开发海域定级决策子系统,实现了不同用海方式海域的自动化定级,对海域定级基础数据、过程数据和结果数据进行综合管理,构建了一个具有一定实用价值的海域定级信息管理系统原型;此外,利用WebGIS将海域定级决策子系统分析生成的结果数据发布成服务,实现海域定级信息共享子系统。本研究为海域定级提供智能化平台,提高对海域定级及评估效率,有利于海洋可持续发展。  相似文献   

基于遥感水边线的潮滩面积提取方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张媛媛  高志强  刘向阳  许宁 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):56-61

潮滩作为动态变化的后备土地资源,对其研究具有重要意义。文章以江苏省如东县为研究区,使用环境资源卫星(HJ1A/1B)影像为数据源,应用面向对象技术创建分类规则,实现批量半自动提取水边线,随后利用DSAS软件处理水边线集获得潮位点集,基于最外边界法实现高(低)潮位点的提取,进而获得潮滩范围,估算的如东县潮滩面积为55 182hm~2。最后利用误差矩阵进行精度验证(Kappa系数为0.945)。结果表明:该方法对于潮滩面积提取具有适用性,无论在空间域还是时间域都具有一定的推广性。  相似文献   

中国南海北部珠江口-琼东南盆地钻井岩屑地球化学特征及深水区天然气聚集特征     

高岗  张功成  陈果  刚文哲  沈怀磊  赵科 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(2):44-53

The Qiongdongnan Basin and Zhujiang River(Pearl River) Mouth Basin, important petroliferous basins in the northern South China Sea, contain abundant oil and gas resource. In this study, on basis of discussing impact of oil-base mud on TOC content and Rock-Eval parameters of cutting shale samples, the authors did comprehensive analysis of source rock quality, thermal evolution and control effect of source rock in gas accumulation of the Qiongdongnan and the Zhujiang River Mouth Basins. The contrast analysis of TOC contents and Rock-Eval parameters before and after extraction for cutting shale samples indicates that except for a weaker impact on Rock-Eval parameter S_2, oil-base mud has certain impact on Rock-Eval S_1, Tmax and TOC contents. When concerning oil-base mud influence on source rock geochemistry parameters, the shales in the Yacheng/Enping,Lingshui/Zhuhai and Sanya/Zhuhai Formations have mainly Type Ⅱ and Ⅲ organic matter with better gas potential and oil potential. The thermal evolution analysis suggests that the depth interval of the oil window is between 3 000 m and 5 000 m. Source rocks in the deepwater area have generated abundant gas mainly due to the late stage of the oil window and the high-supper mature stage. Gas reservoir formation condition analysis made clear that the source rock is the primary factor and fault is a necessary condition for gas accumulation. Spatial coupling of source, fault and reservoir is essential for gas accumulation and the inside of hydrocarbon-generating sag is future potential gas exploration area.  相似文献